http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue
2015-08-18 17:18 PM CEST
Natural Hazard Category
Natural Hazard Category
A generic classification of types of natural hazards.
A generic classification of types of natural hazards.
HTML
JSON
XML
ISO19135XML
RDF
CSV
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/geologicalHydrological
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
geological / hydrological
geological / hydrological
Processes that have a geological (geosphere) or hydrological (hydrosphere) nature (or origin).
Processes that have a geological (geosphere) or hydrological (hydrosphere) nature (or origin).
Some of the processes here included are clearly addressed as geological in the scientific literature, such as volcanic hazards or earthquake hazards, whereas other processes cannot be understood without geological and hydrological input, such as certain types of landslides (that can be triggered and mobilised by water), or floods (highly dependent on soil infiltration properties, topography, water table fluctuations), etc.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/tsunami
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
tsunami
tsunami
Long wave disruption in a large water body reaching emerged land.
Long wave disruption in a large water body reaching emerged land.
Tsunamis can be triggered by earthquakes, landslide, volcanic explosions, meteorites, etc. Even though it is a certain type of flood it is usually considered as a separated process.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/volcanic
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
volcanic
volcanic
An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's crust that allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape.
An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's crust that allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape.
Process directly linked to volcanic eruptions are expected to be included in this category, such as lahars, jökulhaups, ash fall, volcanic explosions, freatic explosions, etc.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/earthquake
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
earthquake
earthquake
Earthquake hazards involve the propagation of elastic waves at or near the surface after the release of tectonic stress or other natural sources, such as volcanic explosions or meteorite impacts.
Earthquake hazards involve the propagation of elastic waves at or near the surface after the release of tectonic stress or other natural sources, such as volcanic explosions or meteorite impacts.
Liquefaction, ground shaking and other effects directly caused by seismic waves should also be included in this category. Processes that might be triggered by other processes might fit best in other classes.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/subsidenceAndCollapse
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
subsidence and collapse
subsidence and collapse
Subsidence and collapse involve mainly vertical downwards ground movement of the surface of the Earth due to different processes of rock or soil weathering or rock compaction to a point where the rock structure cannot bear its own load (collapse) or causing relatively slow downwards movements (subsidence).
Subsidence and collapse involve mainly vertical downwards ground movement of the surface of the Earth due to different processes of rock or soil weathering or rock compaction to a point where the rock structure cannot bear its own load (collapse) or causing relatively slow downwards movements (subsidence).
Subsidence and collapse can be associated with carbonate rocks in karstic areas, but it can occur in other regions such as loessic soils or compressible soils.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/landslide
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
landslide
landslide
Processes of downhill slope movements of soil, rock, and organicMaterials related to different types of ground failure.
Processes of downhill slope movements of soil, rock, and organicMaterials related to different types of ground failure.
Some common terms used for describing different types of landslides include but are not restricted to slides, rock fall, debris flow.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/snowAvalanche
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
snow avalanche
snow avalanche
A snow mass with typically a volume greater than 100 m3 and a minimum length of 50 meters that slides rapidly downhill.
A snow mass with typically a volume greater than 100 m3 and a minimum length of 50 meters that slides rapidly downhill.
Snow avalanches usually incorporate materials swept along the path of the snow avalanche, such as trees, rocks, etc. Avalanche formation is the result of a complex interaction between terrain, snow pack and meteorological conditions
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/flood
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
flood
flood
Processes of inundation of usually dry (emerged) land, or temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water.
Processes of inundation of usually dry (emerged) land, or temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water.
Floods can be of many types (flash floods, river overflow, tidal floods), and can have many triggers (precipitation, natural water reservoir dam failure, river channel obstruction, etc). Tsunamis and a storm surges are usually considered as a different natural hazard.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/toxicOrRadioactive
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
toxic or radioactive
toxic or radioactive
Processes related to the nature of substances that might pose a threat to human health.
Processes related to the nature of substances that might pose a threat to human health.
Asbestos, natural radioactivity or gas emanation are some examples of hazards within this category
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/meteorologicalClimatological
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
meteorological / climatological
meteorological / climatological
Processes that have a meteorological (atmospheric) or climatic (changes in the long-run of environmental variables) nature (or origin).
Processes that have a meteorological (atmospheric) or climatic (changes in the long-run of environmental variables) nature (or origin).
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/drought
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
drought
drought
Sustained and extensive occurrence of below-average water availability, caused by climate variability.
Sustained and extensive occurrence of below-average water availability, caused by climate variability.
Drought should not be confused with aridity, which is a long-term average feature of a dry climate. Likewise, drought should not be confused with water scarcity, which reflects conditions of long-term imbalances between water availability and demands. Droughts can affect both high and low rainfall areas of Europe and can develop over short periods of weeks and months or much longer periods of several seasons, years and even decades.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/extremeTemperature
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
extreme temperature
extreme temperature
An abnormal temperature rise or decrease lasting longer than usual temperature rise or drop.
An abnormal temperature rise or decrease lasting longer than usual temperature rise or drop.
Heat waves or cold waves.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/tornadosAndHurricanesStrongWinds
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
tornados, hurricanes and strong winds
tornados, hurricanes and strong winds
Violent (high speed) winds.
Violent (high speed) winds.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/lightning
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
lightning
lightning
Discharge of atmospheric electricity.
Discharge of atmospheric electricity.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/stormSurge
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
storm surge
storm surge
Water pushed from the sea onto the land caused by an atmospheric disruption such as a hurricane or a rapid change in atmospheric pressure.
Water pushed from the sea onto the land caused by an atmospheric disruption such as a hurricane or a rapid change in atmospheric pressure.
Although a storm surge is a kind of flood, it is usually considered as a separated class.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/fires
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
fires
fires
This category includes all types of processes that involve the occurrence and spreading of fire.
This category includes all types of processes that involve the occurrence and spreading of fire.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/forestFireWildfire
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
forest fires or wild fires
forest fires or wild fires
Fire occurrence and spreading on vegetated land.
Fire occurrence and spreading on vegetated land.
Forest fire means fire which breaks out and spreads on forest and other wooded land or which breaks out on other land and spreads to forest and other wooded land. The definition of forest fire excludes prescribed or controlled burning, usually with the aim of reducing or eliminating the quantity of accumulated fuel on the ground (Regulation EC 2152/2003 - Forest Focus). Wildland Fire: Any fire occurring on wildland regardless of ignition sources, damages or benefits (FAO, 2011, Wildland Fire Management Terminology, FAO, updated September 2010).
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/undergroundFires
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
underground fires
underground fires
Fire spreading below the surface, typically occurring in peat rich soils.
Fire spreading below the surface, typically occurring in peat rich soils.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/biological
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
biological
biological
Processes that are directly linked to living organisms or products produced by living organisms.
Processes that are directly linked to living organisms or products produced by living organisms.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/infestation
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
infestation
infestation
Abnormal population increase of living organisms.
Abnormal population increase of living organisms.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/allergens
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
allergens
allergens
Biological products or substances (such as pollen) that might cause allergy over a large number of people.
Biological products or substances (such as pollen) that might cause allergy over a large number of people.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/epidemic
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
epidemic
epidemic
An outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly among individuals in an area or population.
An outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly among individuals in an area or population.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/cosmic
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
cosmic
cosmic
Processes from outer space.
Processes from outer space.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/meteoriteImpact
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
meteorite impact
meteorite impact
Solid materials from outer space reaching the Earth.
Solid materials from outer space reaching the Earth.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/magneticDisruption
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
magnetic disruption
magnetic disruption
Disturbances of the magnetic field of the Earth.
Disturbances of the magnetic field of the Earth.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/solarAndCosmicRadiation
2015-08-18 17:35 PM CEST
solar and cosmic radiations
solar and cosmic radiations
Radiation from outer space (UV, gamma ray, etc).
Radiation from outer space (UV, gamma ray, etc).
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/otherGeologicalHydrological
2015-08-18 18:13 PM CEST
other geological / hydrological hazard
other geological / hydrological hazard
Any process not already addressed within other geological or hydrological categories
Any process not already addressed within other geological or hydrological categories
Sand dune movements, soil erosion, maelstroms, iceberg movements among other processes can be included here.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/otherMeteorologicalClimatological
2015-08-18 18:13 PM CEST
other meteorological / climatological hazard
other meteorological / climatological hazard
Any process not already addressed within other meteorological / Climatological categories
Any process not already addressed within other meteorological / Climatological categories
Natural desertification can be included in this category.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/otherBiological
2015-08-18 18:13 PM CEST
other biological hazards
other biological hazards
Other biological hazards not already addressed within other biological categories
Other biological hazards not already addressed within other biological categories
Prions and other toxic substances produced by (or within) living organisms can be included here.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue/otherCosmic
2015-08-18 18:13 PM CEST
other cosmic hazard
other cosmic hazard
Other cosmic hazards not already addressed within other cosmic categories
Other cosmic hazards not already addressed within other cosmic categories