Layer Type
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depth interval
Fixed depth range where soil is described and/or samples are taken.
They are often used in soil monitoring, sampling of contaminated sites and in modelling, and include: • upper and lower limits of a soil horizon, or of a functional set of horizons • depth increments (also called fixed depths), that are often used for sampling, e.g. 0-30cm, 30-60cm, and so on, • a single depth range in which a soil sample is taken and for which the analytical result is valid, and • soil slicing, that is, profile segmentation according to a specified vector, for instance, either regularly spaced intervals (1cm), or a user-defined vector of segment boundaries (i.e. 0-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-100). Slicing is used in modelling to generate continuous depth functions for soil properties.
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geogenic
Domain of the soil profile composed of material resulting from the same, non-pedogenic process, e.g. sedimentation, that might display an unconformity to possible over- or underlying adjacent domains.
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subsoil
Natural soil material below the topsoil and overlying the unweathered parent material.
SOURCE ISO 11074 NOTE The subsoil can be: (i) a grouping of one to several horizons underlying the horizons with recent humus accumulation from humifying biomass or (ii) a domain of a soil with a specific vertical extension starting well below the soil surface (e.g. 15-75 cm).
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topsoil
Upper part of a natural soil that is generally dark coloured and has a higher content of organic matter and nutrients when compared to the (mineral) horizons below excluding the humus layer.
NOTE 1 For arable lands, topsoil refers to the ploughed soil depth; for grasslands, it is the soil layer with high root content. NOTE 2 The topsoil can be: (i) a grouping of one to several A horizons or (ii) a domain of a soil with a specific vertical extension starting from the surface (e.g. 0-15 cm). NOTE 3 In most soil description guidelines, the topsoil is composed of all A horizons occurring in a soil profile.
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